东非海岸盆地下侏罗统沉积特征及其控源作用

下侏罗统烃源岩是东非海岸盆地的主力烃源岩。利用钻井、测井、地震及地球化学分析化验等资料,结合区域构造演化,对东非海岸盆地下侏罗统的沉积特征进行了分析和描述,并结合其烃源岩发育特征,对烃源岩的成因模式及其主控因素进行了刻画和评价。研究结果表明：①东非海岸盆地早侏罗世受区域构造作用影响,形成了狭长而闭塞的海湾沉积环境,发育河流-三角洲-滨浅海-局限海或浅海沉积体系;②下侏罗统发育的局限海相泥岩为盆地内的优质烃源岩,其TOC平均为4.2%,有机质类型以Ⅰ—Ⅱ₁型为主,已达成熟—过成熟演化阶段,泥岩厚度大且分布广,生烃潜力大;主力烃源岩的发育与展布受其独特的海湾沉积环境影响,由北向南盆地主力烃源岩的质量及生烃潜力逐渐变好;③东非海岸盆地发育局限海相沉积型、潟湖相沉积型和三角洲相沉积型3种烃源岩成因模式,其中局限海相沉积型烃源岩是盆地优质烃源岩的主要成因类型,岩性以稳定分布的厚层泥岩为主,夹薄层砂岩,总体评价为好烃源岩;④东非海岸盆地最有利的生烃区带位于鲁伍马盆地和坦桑尼亚盆地深水沉积的中心区域。该研究结果可为东非海岸盆地的油气勘探指明方向。     

东濮凹陷构造特征及古生界有利勘探区带评价

利用地震、钻井等资料,对东濮凹陷进行构造解析,并结合煤系源岩高热演化区的生气强度进行了研究区古生界有利勘探区带预测。研究结果表明：①东濮凹陷具有印支—燕山期挤压分区、古近纪拉张成带、沙四—沙三段沉积期断陷控洼、沙二段沉积期走滑成块的演化特征,从而导致古近系具有多断、多凸、多洼的结构特征。②东濮凹陷在多期构造应力叠合作用下形成“棋盘式”含油气系统,各含油气系统内油气普遍具有“上油下气、早油晚气、连续成藏”的特征,总体上发育4类油气藏,建立了弱改造型盆地“近源聚集、连续成藏、断超控富”的油气富集模式。③东濮凹陷中区构造改造弱,油气富集,南北向挤压断层控制着古生界残余地层的分布,是深层煤层气原生油气藏有利区带;在高热演化区以烃源岩为中心,利用多成藏要素叠合可优选出卫城—文留构造带为有利勘探区。     

Modeling tungsten response under helium plasma irradiation: a review

Tungsten, a leading candidate for plasma-facing materials (PFM) in future fusion devices, will be exposed to high-flux low-energy helium plasma under the anticipated fusion operation conditions. In the past two decades, experiments have revealed that exposure to helium plasma strongly modifies the surface morphology and hence the sputtering, thermal and other properties of tungsten, posing a serious danger to the performance and lifetime of tungsten and the steady-state operation of plasma. In this article, we provide a review of modeling and simulation efforts on the long-term evolution of helium bubbles, surface morphology, and property changes of tungsten exposed to low-energy helium plasma. The current gap and outstanding challenges to establish a predictive modeling capability for dynamic evolution of PFM are discussed.     

一种低电耗制氢的新工艺研究(Ⅰ)

该文提出了电化学溶解一沉淀法这一全新的工艺，可实现超低电耗(1．7kWh／Nm^3H2以下)制氢并同时联产环保型颜料磷酸锌。该工艺的制氢电耗比目前工业电解水法低50％以上，且工艺简单清洁，设备投资少，经济效益高。在前期静态研究的基础上，笔者对连续运转条件下影响电解产氢的重要因素(电解液碱度，进料流量及温度)进行了单因素研究，初步确定了系统优化工艺条件。     

复杂公用工程系统最优综合的MINLP方法研究

将复杂非线性公用工程系统参数优化进一步扩展到流程结构与蒸汽参数的同步联合优化，并结合典型实例给出了建模方法。根据该模型特点，采用混合连续进化算法，对算例进行了解算，获得了较为理想的结果。算例表明，该方法虽增加了模型的非线性，但减少了问题的规模，并有利于实际全局最优解的获得，更加真实的反映了系统的非线性。     

Pt-WC/C as a cathode electrocatalyst for hydrogen production by methanol electrolysis

A novel tungsten carbide promoted Pt/C (Pt-WC/C) was prepared by an intermittent microwave heating (IMH) method and used for the cathode electrocatalyst in an electrolyser for hydrogen production by methanol electrolysis. The electrolyser showed better performance for hydrogen production using the Pt-WC/C cathode electrocatalyst than using a commercial Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst. The single cell electrolyser gave reasonable current at voltages lower than 0.4 V. The novelty of this technique is the inherent simplicity and substantially lowered cost.     

热力学第二定律的再研讨

阐明了热力学从诞生起就沿着能与势两条线平行发展，确认了第二定律(熵定律)在热力学中的核心地位。指出由于熵定律的复杂性，片面地扩大“从有序到无序”的发展规律(包括对Rifkin所谓“熵世界观”)，可能会出现误导。并指出进化是熵增过程的逆过程，是使事物复杂性增大的量化问题。通过对用信息熵计算、描述复杂性等问题的思考得出了几点结论性的看法。     

燃煤排放正构烷烃类有机化合物的特征与形成演化机理研究

对云南阳宗海电厂、贵州贵阳电厂、北京清华大学实验电厂等三家电厂烟气降温过程排放的正构烷烃的含量分布与特征变化进行了分析 ,并与烟道下风向气溶胶样品中的正构烷烃含量分布与特征变化进行了对比。研究认为煤燃烧过程中正构烷烃的形成与演变是复杂有机污染物形成的重要组成阶段 ,其在煤粉燃烧以及烟气降温过程中分子特征的变化规律是有机自由基聚合与裂解的重要指示标志。     

Influence of convection and grain movement on globular equiaxed solidification

A two-phase volume averaging model was used to study convection and grain movement, and their influence on the globular equiaxed solidification. Both liquid and solid phases were treated as separate interpenetrating continua. The mass, momentum, species and enthalpy conservation equations for each phase and a grain transport equation were coupled. An ingot casting (Al-4 wt.% Cu) with near globular solidification morphology was simulated. Case studies with different modeling assumptions such as with and without grain movement, and with slip and non-slip boundary conditions for solid phase were presented and compared. Understanding of grain evolution and macrosegregation formation in globular equiaxed solidification was improved.     

Areal evolution of PV systems

If a large amount of the future penetration of PV systems is imaged, it is likely that they densely concentrate in a certain area. It may not be a simple aggregation of individually optimized system, but a different system image may result by the total optimization of an area. The author frames this new question as the problem of “Areal Evolution” or “PV-AREA”. The following two cases are dealt with and their concrete concepts are given: (1) PV systems for community, (2) global-scale utilization of PV systems.